Books

Campbell, JL, S Burrows, ST Gower & WB Cohen (1999) BigFoot: Characterizing land cover, LAI, and NPP at the landscape scale for EOS/MODIS validation. Field Manual Version 2.1. Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge TN, 104pp.

Landsberg, JJ & ST Gower (1997) Applications of Physiological Ecology to Forest Management. Academic press. San Diego, CA. 354 pp. If you would like to order a copy of this text please email Professor Tom Gower at stgower@wisc.edu

Refereed Journals

Submitted

Serbin, S.P., Gower, S.T., Ahl, D.E., (200x). Canopy dynamics and phenology of a boreal black spruce chronosequence. Submitted to Agric. For. Meteorol.



In press

Bronson, D.B., Gower, S.T., Tanner, M., Van Herk, I. , (200x). Effect of ecosystem warming on boreal black spruce bud burst and shoot growth. Submitted to Global Change Biology

2007

Bond-Lamberty and Gower (2007). Estimation of stand-level leaf area for boreal bryophytes, Oecologia 151(4):581-592, doi:10.1007/s00442-006-0619-5.

Bond-Lamberty, Gower, and Ahl (2007). Improved simulation of poorly drained forests using Biome-BGC, Tree Physiology 27(5):703-715.



2006

Martin, J.L. and Gower, S.T. 2006. Boreal mixedwood tree growth on contrasting soils and disturbance types. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36:986-995.

Bond-Lamberty, Brown, Goranson, and Gower (2006). Spatial dynamics of soil moisture and temperature in a black spruce boreal chronosequence, Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36(11):2794-2802, doi:10.1139/X06-160.

Bond-Lamberty, Gower, Wang, Cyr, and Veldhuis (2006). Nitrogen dynamics of a boreal black spruce fire chronosequence, Biogeochemistry 81(1):1-16, doi:10.1007/s10533-006-9025-7.

Bond-Lamberty, Gower, Goulden, and McMillan (2006). Simulation of boreal black spruce chronosequences: comparison to field measurements and model evaluation, Journal of Geophysical Research-Biogeosciences 111(G2), G02014, doi:10.1029/2005JG000123.

Cohen, W.B., Maiersperger, T.K., Turner, D.P., Ritts, W.D., Pflugmacher, D., Kennedy, R.E., Kirschbaum, A., Running, S.W., Costa, M., and Gower, S.T., (2006), Modis Land Cover and Lai Collection 4 Product Quality Across Nine Sites in the Western Hemisphere: Ieee Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 44, p. 1843-1857.

Turner, D.P., Ritts, W.D., Cohen, W.B., Gower, S.T., Running, S.W., Zhao, M.S., Costa, M.H., Kirschbaum, A.A., Ham, J.M., Saleska, S.R., and Ahl, D.E., (2006), Evaluation of Modis Npp and Gpp Products Across Multiple Biomes: Remote Sensing of Environment, 102, p. 282-292.

Yang, W.Z., Tan, B., Huang, D., Rautiainen, M., Shabanov, N.V., Wang, Y., Privette, J.L., Huemmrich, K.F., Fensholt, R., Sandholt, I., Weiss, M., Ahl, D.E., Gower, S.T., Nemani, R.R., Knyazikhin, Y., and Myneni, R.B., (2006), Modis Leaf Area Index Products: From Validation to Algorithm Improvement: Ieee Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 44, p. 1885-1898.

2005

Turner DP, Ritts WD, Cohen WB, Maeirsperger TK, Gower ST, Kirschbaum AA, Running SW, Zhao MS, Wofsy SC, Dunn AL, Law BE, Campbell JL, Oechel WC, Kwon HJ, Meyers TP,

Small EE, Kurc SA, Gamon JA & Tian H (2005) Site-level evaluation of satellite-based global terrestrial gross primary production and net primary production monitoring. Global Change Biol. 11(4): 666-684.

Ewers BE, Gower ST, Bond-Lamberty B & Wang C (2005) Effects of stand age and tree species composition on transpiration and canopy conductance of boreal forest stands. Plant Cell Environ. 28(5):660-678.

Bond-Lamberty B, Gower ST, Ahl DE & Thornton PE (2005) Reimplementation of the BIOME-BGC model to simulate successional change. Tree Physiol. 25(4): 413-424.

Bond-Lamberty B, Wang C & Gower ST (2005) Spatiotemporal measurement and modeling of boreal forest soil temperatures. Agric. For. Meteorol. 131(1-2):27-40.

Martin JL, Plaut J, Gower ST & Holmes B (2005) Carbon content of boreal mixedwood stands following logging. Global Change Biol. 11: 1883-1894

White MK, Gower ST & Ahl DE (2005) Life-cycle inventories of roundwood production in Wisconsin – Inputs into an industrial forest carbon budget. For. Ecol. Manage. 219: 13-28

2004

Lee KS, Cohen WB, Kennedy RE, Maiersberger TK & Gower ST (2004) Hyperspectral versus multispectral data for estimating leaf area index in four different biomes. Remote Sens. Environ. 91(3-4): 508-520.

Howard EA, Gower ST, Foley JA & Kucharik CJ (2004) Effects of logging on carbon dynamics of a jack pine forest in Saskatchewan, Canada. Global Change Biol. 10(8): 1267-1284.

Bond-Lamberty B, Wang C & Gower ST (2004) A global relationship between the heterotrophic and autotrophic components of soil respiration? Global Change Biol. 10(10): 1756-1766.

Bond-Lamberty B, Wang C & Gower ST (2004) The contribution of root respiration to soil surface CO2 flux in a boreal black spruce fire chronosequence. Tree Physiol. 24(12): 1387-1395.

Bond-Lamberty B, Wang C & Gower ST (2004) Net primary production and net ecosystem production of a boreal black spruce fire chronosequence. Global Change Biol. 10(4): 473-487.

Ahl DE, Gower ST, Mackay DS, Burrows SN, Norman JM & Diak GR (2004) Heterogeneity of light use efficiency in a northern Wisconsin forest: implications for modeling net primary production with remote sensing. Remote Sens. Environ. 93(1-2): 168-178.

2003

Wang C, Bond-Lamberty B & Gower ST (2003) Carbon distribution of a well- and poorly-drained black spruce fire chronosequence. Global Change Biol. 9(6): 1-14.

Turner DP, Urbanski SP, Bremer D, Wofsy SC, Meyers TP, Gower ST & Gregory M (2003) A cross-biome comparison of daily light use efficiency for gross primary production. Global Change Biol. 9(3): 383-395.

Turner DP, Ritts WD, Cohen WB, Gower ST, Zhao MS, Running SW, Wofsy SC, Urbanski SP, Dunn AL & Munger JW (2003) Scaling Gross Primary Production (GPP) over boreal and deciduous forest landscapes in support of MODIS GPP product validation. Remote Sens. Environ. 88(3): 256-270.

O'Connell KEB, Gower ST & Norman JM (2003) Net ecosystem production of two contrasting boreal black spruce forest communities. Ecosystems 6(3): 248-260.

O'Connell KEB, Gower ST & Norman JM (2003) Comparison of net primary production and light-use dynamics of two boreal black spruce forest communities. Ecosystems 6(3): 236-247.

Mackay DS, Ahl DE, Ewers BE, Samanta S, Gower ST & Burrows SN (2003) Physiological tradeoffs in the parameterization of a model of canopy transpiration. Adv. Water Res. 26(2): 179-194.

Harden JW, Mack M, Veldhuis H & Gower ST (2003) Fire dynamics and implications for nitrogen cycling in boreal forests. J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. 108(D3): art. no. 8223.

Gower ST, Landsberg JJ & Bisbee KE (2003) Forest biomes of the world. Introduction to forest ecosystem science and management. R. A. Young & R. L. Giese. New York, Wiley.

Gower ST (2003) Forest ecosystem ecology. Introduction to forest ecosystem science and management. R. A. Young & R. L. Giese. New York, Wiley.

Gower ST (2003) Patterns and mechanisms of the forest carbon cycle. Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. 28: 169-204.

Feldkirchner D, Wang C, Gower ST, Kruger EL & Ferris J (2003) Effects of nutrient and paper mill biosolids amendments on the growth and nutrient status of hardwood forests. For. Ecol. Manage. 177(1-3): 95-116.

Cohen WB, Maiersberger TK, Gower ST & Turner DP (2003) An improved strategy for regression of biophysical variables and Landsat ETM+ data. Remote Sens. Environ. 84(4): 561-571.

Cohen WB, Maiersberger TK, Yang ZQ, Gower ST, Turner DP, Ritts WD, Berterretche M & Running SW (2003) Comparisons of land cover and LAI estimates derived from ETM plus and MODIS for four sites in North America: a quality assessment of 2000/2001 provisional MODIS products. Remote Sens. Environ. 88(3): 233-255.

Burrows SN, Gower ST, Norman JM, Diak GR, Mackay DS, Ahl DE & Clayton MK (2003) Spatial variability of aboveground net primary production for a forested landscape in northern Wisconsin. Can. J. For. Res. 33(10): 2007-2018.

Brye KR, Norman JM, Gower ST & Bundy LG (2003) Effects of management practices on annual net N-mineralization in a restored prairie and maize agroecosystems. Biogeochemistry 63(2): 135-160.

Brye KR, Norman JM, Gower ST & Bundy LG (2003) Methodological limitations and N-budget differences among a restored tallgrass prairie and maize agroecosystems. Agricult. Ecosys. Env. 97(1-3): 181-198.

Bond-Lamberty B, Wang C & Gower ST (2003) The use of multiple measurement techniques to refine estimates of conifer needle geometry. Can. J. For. Res. 33(1): 101-105.

2002

Wang C, Bond-Lamberty B & Gower ST (2002) Environmental controls on CO2 flux from black spruce coarse woody debris. Oecologia 132(3): 374-381.

Wang C, Bond-Lamberty B & Gower ST (2002) Soil surface CO2 flux in a boreal black spruce fire chronosequence. J. Geophys. Res. 108(D3): art. no. 8224 (WFX 5-1 to 5-8).

Turner DP, Gower ST, Cohen WB, Gregory M & Maiersberger TK (2002) Effects of spatial variability in light use efficiency on satellite-based NPP monitoring. Remote Sens. Environ. 80(3): 397-405.

McGuire AD, Wirth C, Apps MJ, Beringer J, Clein JS, Epstein H, Kicklighter DW, Bhatti JS, Chapin FS, de Groot B, Efremov D, Eugster W, Fukuda M, Gower ST, Hinzman LD, Huntley B, Jia GJ, Kasischke ES, Melillo JM, Romanovaky VE, Shvidenko A, Vaganov E & Walker D (2002) Environmental variation, vegetation distribution, carbon dynamics and water/energy exchange at high latitudes. J. Veg. Sci. 13: 301-314.

Mackay DS, Ahl DE, Ewers BE, Gower ST, Burrows SN, Samanta S & Davis KJ (2002) Effects of aggregated classifications of forest composition on estimates of evapotranspiration in a northern Wisconsin forest. Global Change Biol. 8(12): 1253-1265.

Lefsky MA, Cohen WB, Harding DJ, Parker GG, Acker SA & Gower ST (2002) Lidar remote sensing of above-ground biomass in three biomes. Global Ecol. Biogeogr. 11(5): 393-399.

Gower ST (2002) Net Primary Production. Encyclopedia of Global Change: The Earth System : Biological and Ecological Dimensions of Global Environmental Change. H. A. Mooney & J. G. Canadell. New York, Wiley.

Ewers BE, Mackay DS, Gower ST, Ahl DE, Burrows SN & Samanta S (2002) Tree species effects on stand transpiration in northern Wisconsin. Water Resour. Res. 38(7): art. no. 1103.

Burrows SN, Gower ST, Clayton MK, Mackay DS, Ahl DE, Norman JM & Diak GR (2002) Application of geostatistics to characterize leaf area index (LAI) from flux tower to landscape scales using a cyclic sampling design. Ecosystems 5(7): 667-679.

Brye KR, Norman JM & Gower ST (2002) The fate of nutrients following three- and six-year burn intervals in a tallgrass prairie restoration in Wisconsin. Am. Midl. Nat. 148(1): 28-42.

Brye KR, Norman JM, Nordheim EV, Gower ST & Bundy LG (2002) Refinements to an in-situ soil core technique for measuring net nitrogen mineralization in moist, fertilized agricultural soil. Agron. J. 94(4): 864-869.

Brye KR, Norman JM & Gower ST (2002) Assessing the progress of a tallgrass prairie restoration in Southern Wisconsin. Am. Midl. Nat. 148(2): 215-235.

Brye KR, Gower ST, Norman JM & Bundy LG (2002) Carbon budgets for a prairie and agroecosystems: effects of land use and interannual variability. Ecol. Appl. 12(4): 962-979.

Bond-Lamberty B, Wang C & Gower ST (2002) Leaf area dynamics of a boreal black spruce fire chronosequence. Tree Physiol. 22(14): 993-1001.

Bond-Lamberty B, Wang C & Gower ST (2002) Above- and belowground biomass and sapwood area allometric equations for six boreal tree species of northern Manitoba. Can. J. For. Res. 32(8): 1441-1450.

Bond-Lamberty B, Wang C & Gower ST (2002) Annual carbon flux from woody debris for a boreal black spruce fire chronosequence. J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. 108(D3): art. no. 8220 (WFX 1-1 to 1-10).

2001

Whitehead D & Gower ST (2001) Photosynthesis and light-use efficiency by plants in a Canadian boreal forest ecosystem. Tree Physiol. 21(12013): 925-929.

Wang C, Gower ST, Wang Y, Zhao H, Yan P & Bond-Lamberty B (2001) The influence of fire on carbon distribution and net primary production of boreal Larix gmelinii forests in northeastern China. Global Change Biol. 7(6): 719-730.

Scurlock JMO, Asner GP & Gower ST (2001) Worldwide historical estimates of leaf area index, 1932-2000. Oak Ridge, TN, Oak Ridge National Laboratory: 23.

Kucharik CJ, Brye KR, Norman JM, Foley JA, Gower ST & Bundy LG (2001) Measurements and modeling of carbon and nitrogen cycling in agroecosystems of southern Wisconsin: potential for SOC sequestration during the next 50 years. Ecosystems 4: 237-258.

Gower ST, Krankina ON, Olson RJ, Apps MJ, Linder S & Wang C (2001) Net primary production and carbon allocation patterns of boreal forest ecosystems. Ecol. Appl. 11(5): 1395-1411.

Brye KR, Norman JM, Bundy LG & Gower ST (2001) Nitrogen and carbon leaching in agroecosystems and their role in denitrification potential. J. Environ. Qual. 30(1): 58-70.

Bisbee KE, Gower ST, Norman JM & Nordheim EV (2001) Environmental controls on ground cover species composition and productivity in a boreal black spruce forest. Oecologia 129(2): 261-270.

2000

Harden JW, Trumbore SE, Stocks BJ, Hirsch A, Gower ST, O'Neill KP & Kasischke ES (2000) The role of fire in the boreal carbon budget. Global Change Biol. 6(Suppl. 1): 174-184.

Gower ST, Hunter A, Campbell JS, Vogel JG, Veldhuis H, Harden JW, Trumbore SE, Norman JM & Kucharik CJ (2000) Nutrient dynamics of the southern and northern BOREAS boreal forests. Écoscience 7(4): 481-490.

Canadell JG, Mooney HA, Baldocchi DD, Berry JA, Ehleringer JR, Field CB, Gower ST, Hollinger DY, Hunt JE, Jackson RB, Running SW, Shaver GR, Steffen WL, Trumbore SE, Valentini R & Bond BY (2000) Carbon metabolism of the terrestrial biosphere: a multitechnique approach for improved understanding. Ecosystems 3(2): 115-130.

Campbell JL & Gower ST (2000) Detritus production and soil N transformations in old-growth eastern hemlock and sugar maple stands. Ecosystems 3(2): 185-192.

Brye KR, Norman JM, Bundy LG & Gower ST (2000) Water budget evaluation of prairie and maize ecosystems. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 64: 715-724.

1999

Running SW, Baldocchi DD, Turner DP, Gower ST, Bakwin PS & Hibbard KA (1999) A global terrestrial monitoring network, integrating tower fluxes, flask sampling, ecosystem modeling and EOS satellite data. Remote Sens. Environ. 70: 108-127.

Kucharik CJ, Foley JA, Delire C, FIsher VA, Coe MT, Lenters JD, Young-Molling C, Norman JM, Ramankutty N & Gower ST (1999) The IBIS-2 Dynamic biosphere model: model formulation and evaluation. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 14: 795-825.

Kloeppel BD, Gower ST, Vogel JG & Reich PB (1999) Leaf-level resource use for evergreen and deciduous conifers along a resource availability gradient. Funct. Ecol. 14: 281-292.

Gower ST & Gries JR (1999) Disturbance effects on aboveground net primary production and the distribution of organic matter and nutrient distribution of northern hardwood forests. Ecosystems 3: 185-192.

Gower ST, Kucharik CJ & Norman JM (1999) Direct and indirect estimation of leaf area index, ƒAPAR and net primary production of terrestrial ecosystems. Remote Sens. Environ. 70(1): 29-51.

Fassnacht KS & Gower ST (1999) Comparison of the litterfall and forest floor organic matter and nitrogen dynamics of upland forest ecosystems in north central Wisconsin. Biogeochemistry 45: 265-284.

Brye KR, Norman JM, Bundy LG & Gower ST (1999) An equilibrium tension lysimeter for measuring drainage through soil. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 63(3): 536-543.

1998

Wagai R, Brye KR, Gower ST, Norman JM & Bundy LG (1998) Land use and environmental factors influencing soil surface CO2 flux and microbial biomass in natural and managed ecosystems in southern Wisconsin. Soil Biol. Biochem. 30(12): 1501-1509.

Wagai R, Brye KR, Gower ST, Norman JM & Bundy LG (1998) Effects of land use and environmental factors on soil surface CO2 flux for natural and managed ecosystems in south central Wisconsin. Soil Biol. Biochem. 30: 1501-1509.

Vogel JG & Gower ST (1998) Carbon and nitrogen dynamics of boreal jack pine stands with and without a green alder understory. Ecosystems 1: 386-400.

Kucharik CJ, Norman JM & Gower ST (1998) Measurements of leaf orientation, light distribution and sunlit leaf area in a boreal aspen forest. Agric. For. Meteorol. 91: 127-148.

Kucharik CJ, Norman JM & Gower ST (1998) Measurements of branch area and adjusting leaf area index indirect measurements. Agric. For. Meteorol. 91: 61-88.

Kucharik CJ, Norman JM & Gower ST (1998) Characterizing the radiation regime in nonrandom forest canopies: theory, measurements, and a simplified modeling approach. Tree Physiol. 19(11): 695-706.

Kloeppel BD, Gower ST, Treichel IW & Kharuk S (1998) Foliar carbon isotope discrimination in Larix species and sympatric evergreen conifers: a global comparison. Oecologia 114(2): 153-159.

Goulden ML, Wofsy SC, Harden JW, Trumbore SE, Crill PM, Gower ST, Fries T, Daube BC, Fan S-M, Sutton DJ, Bazzaz A & Munger JW (1998) Sensitivity of boreal forest carbon balance to soil thaw. Science 279: 214-217.

Arneth A, Kelliher FM, Gower ST, Scott NA, Byers JN & McSeveny TM (1998) Environmental variables regulating soil carbon dioxide efflux following clear-cutting of a Pinus radiata D. Don plantation. J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. 103(D5): 5695-5705.

1997

Steele S, Gower ST, Vogel JG & Norman JM (1997) Root mass, net primary production and turnover in aspen, jack pine and black spruce forests in Saskatchewan and Manitoba, Canada. Tree Physiol. 17: 577-587.

Sellers J, Hall FG, Kelly D, Black TA, Baldocchi DD, Berry JA, Ryan MG, Ranson KJ, Crill PM, Lettenmaier DP, Margolis H, Cihlar J, Newcomer J, Fitzjarrald DR, Jarvis PG, Gower ST, Halliwell DH, Williams D, Goodison B, Wickland DE & Guertin FE (1997) BOREAS in 1997: Experiment overview, scientific results, and future directions. J. Geophys. Res. 102: 28731-28769.

Ryan MG, Lavigne MB & Gower ST (1997) Annual carbon cost of autotrophic respiration in boreal forest ecosystems in relation to species and climate. J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. 102(D24): 28871-28883.

Reich PB, Grigal DF, Aber JD & Gower ST (1997) Nitrogen mineralization and productivity in 50 cold temperate forest stands of differing community and soil type. Ecology 78(335-347).

Reich PB, Grigal DF, Aber JD & Gower ST (1997) Nitrogen mineralization and productivity in 50 hardwood and conifer stands of diverse soils. Ecology 78(2): 335-347.

Norman JM, Kucharik CJ, Gower ST, Baldocchi DD, Crill PM, Rayment MB, Savage KE & Striegl RG (1997) A comparison of six methods for measuring soil-surface carbon dioxide fluxes. J. Geophys. Res.(D24): 28771-28777.

Lavigne MB, Ryan MG, Anderson DE, Baldocchi DD, Crill PM, Fitzjarrald DR, Goulden ML, Gower ST, Massheder JM, McCaughey JH, Rayment MB & Striegl RG (1997) Comparing nocturnal eddy covariance measurements to estimates of ecosystem respiration made by scaling chamber measurements at six coniferous boreal sites. J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. 102(D24): 28977-28985.

Landsberg JJ & Gower ST (1997) Applications of Physiological Ecology to Forest Management. San Diego, Academic Press.

Kucharik CJ, Norman JM, Murdock LM & Gower ST (1997) Characterizing canopy nonrandomness with a Multiband Vegetation Imager (MVI). J. Geophys. Res. 102(D24): 29445-29473.

Gower ST, Vogel JG, Norman JM, Kucharik CJ, Steele S & Stow TK (1997) Carbon distribution and aboveground net primary production in aspen, jack pine, and black spruce stands in Saskatchewan and Manitoba, Canada. J. Geophys. Res. 102(D24): 29029-29041.

Fassnacht KS, Gower ST, MacKenzie MD, Nordheim EV & Lillesand TM (1997) Estimating the leaf area index of north central Wisconsin forests using the Landsat thematic mapper. Remote Sens. Environ. 61: 229-245.

Fassnacht KS & Gower ST (1997) Interrelationships among the edaphic and stand characteristics, leaf area index, and aboveground net primary production of upland forest ecosystems in north central Wisconsin. Can. J. For. Res. 27: 1058-1067.

Chen JM, Rich PM, Gower ST, Norman JM & Plummer S (1997) Leaf area index of boreal forests: Theory, techniques, and measurements. J. Geophys. Res. 102(D24): 29429-29443.

1996

Gower ST, McMurtrie RE & Murty D (1996) Aboveground net primary production decline with stand age: potential causes. Tree 11(9): 378-82.

Gower ST, Pongracic S & Landsberg JJ (1996) A global trend in belowground carbon allocation: can we use the relationship at smaller scales? Ecology 77(6): 1750-5.

Breymeyer AI, Gower ST, Berg B & Johnson DW (1996) Carbon budgets for temperate conifer forests. Global Change: Effects on coniferous forests and grasslands. SCOPE (Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment). A. I. Breymeyer. New York, Wiley.

1995

Ryan MG, Gower ST, Hubbard RM, Waring RH, Gholz HL, Cropper WPJ & Running SW (1995) Woody tissue maintenance respiration of 4 conifers in contrasting climates. Oecologia 101(2): 133-140.

Reich PB, Kioke T, Gower ST & Schoettle AW (1995) Causes and consequences in variation in conifer leaf life-span. Ecophysiology of Coniferous Forests. W. K. Smith & T. M. Hinckley. San Diego, CA, Academic Press: 225-254.

McMurtrie RE, Gower ST, Ryan MG & Landsberg JJ (1995) Forest productivity: explaining its decline with stand age. (This is a descriptive review of the meeting Changes in Forest Productivity and Carbon Balance with Stand Development: Linking Models and Experiments, organized by the Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems Core Project of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Program held in Rotorua New Zealand in February 1995.).

Kloeppel BD & Gower ST (1995) Construction and installation of acrylic minirhizotron tubes in forest ecosystems. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 59(1): 241-243.

Haynes BE & Gower ST (1995) Belowground carbon allocation in unfertilized and fertilized red pine plantations in northern Wisconsin. Tree Physiol. 15: 317-325.

Gower ST, Isebrands JG & Sheriff DW (1995) Factors influencing carbon assimilation and allocation in conifer forests. Resource Physiology of Conifers. W. K. Smith & T. M. Hinckley. San Diego, Academic Press: 217-254.

Gower ST, Isebrands JG & Sheriff DW (1995) Carbon allocation and accumulation in conifers. Resource Physiology of Conifers. W. K. Smith & T. M. Hinckley. San Diego, Academic Press: 217-254.

1994

McMurtrie RE, Gholz HL, Linder S & Gower ST (1994) Climatic factors controlling the productivity of pine stands: a model-based analysis. Ecol. Bull. (Copenhagen) 43: 173-188.

Gower ST, Gholz HL, Nakane K & Baldwin VC (1994) Production and carbon allocation patterns of pine forests. Ecol. Bull. (Copenhagen) 43: 115-135.

Fassnacht KS, Gower ST, Norman JM & McMurtrie RE (1994) A comparison of optical and direct methods for estimating foliage surface area index in forests. Agric. For. Meteorol. 71(1-2): 183-207.

1993

Kloeppel BD, Gower ST & Reich PB (1993) Net photosynthesis for western larch and sympatric evergreen conifers along a precipitation gradient in western Montana. Ecology and Management of Larix Forests: A Look Ahead, USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station.

Gower ST, Haynes BE, Fassnacht KS, Running SW & Hunt ER (1993) Influence of fertilization on the allometric relations for two pines in contrasting environments. Can. J. For. Res. 23(8): 1704-1711.

Gower ST, Kloeppel BD & Reich PB (1993) Comparison of carbon, nitrogen and water use between larches and co-occuring evergreen conifers. Ecology and Management of Larix Forests: A Look Ahead, USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station.

Gower ST, Reich PB & Son Y (1993) Canopy dynamics and aboveground production of five tree species with different leaf longevities. Tree Physiol. 12: 327-345.

1992

Son Y & Gower ST (1992) Nitrogen and phosphorus distribution for five plantation species in southwestern Wisconsin. For. Ecol. Manage. 53(1-4): 175-193.

Matson PA, Gower ST, Volkmann C, Billow C & Grier CC (1992) Soil nitrogen cycling and nitrous oxide flux in a Rocky Mountain Douglas fir forest - Effect of fertilization, irrigation and carbon addition. Biogeochemistry 18(2): 101-117.

Gower ST & Son Y (1992) Differences in soil and leaf litterfall nitrogen dynamics for five forest plantations. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 56(6): 1959-1966.

Gower ST, Vogt KA & Grier CC (1992) Carbon dynamics of Rocky Mountain Douglas-fir: influence of water and nutrient availability. Ecol. Monogr. 62: 43-65.

1991

Son Y & Gower ST (1991) Aboveground nitrogen and phosphorus use by five plantation-grown tree species with different leaf longevities. Biogeochemistry 14(3): 167-191.

Running SW & Gower ST (1991) FOREST-BGC, A general model of forest ecosystem processes for regional applications. II. Dynamic carbon allocation and nitrogen budgets. Tree Physiol. 9(1/2): 147-160.

Gower ST & Norman JM (1991) Rapid estimation of leaf area index in conifer and broad-leaf plantations. Ecology 72(5): 1896-1900.

Gower ST, Chapman JW, Volin JC & Hagen AE (1991) Stem biomass growth of four plantation-grown conifers in southwestern Wisconsin. North. J. Appl. For. 8: 26-28.

Chapman JW & Gower ST (1991) Aboveground production and canopy dynamics in sugar maple and red oak trees in southwestern Wisconsin. Can. J. For. Res. 21(10): 1533-1543.

1990

Vogt KA, Vogt DJ, Gower ST & Grier CC (1990) Carbon and nitrogen interactions for forest ecosystems. Above- and below-ground interactions in forest trees in acidified soils. Air Pollution Research Report Series No. 32.

Reich PB, Ellsworth DS, Kloeppel BD, Fownes JH & Gower ST (1990) Vertical variation in canopy structure and CO2 exchange of oak-maple forests: influence of ozone, nitrogen and other factors on simulated canopy carbon gain. Tree Physiol. 7(1-4): 329-345.

Grier CC, Gower ST & Vogt KA (1990) Douglas-fir productivity: A conceptual model of its regulation by water and nutrient availability. Sustained Productivity of Forest Soils. Proceedings of the 7th North American Forest Soils Conference, University of British Columbia, Faculty of Forestry Publication, Vancouver, B.C.

Gower ST & Richards JH (1990) Larches: Deciduous conifers in an evergreen world. Bioscience 40(11): 818-826.

Bolstad PV & Gower ST (1990) Estimation of leaf area index in fourteen southern Wisconsin forest stands using a portable radiometer. Tree Physiol. 7(1-4): 115-124.

1989

Vogt KA, Moore EE, Gower ST, Vogt DJ, Sprugel DG & Grier CC (1989) Long term productivity of upper slope forests. Maintenance of Long Term Productivity of Pacific Northwestern Forest Ecosystems. D. A. Perry. Portland OR, Timber Press: 243-269.

Gower ST & Grier CC (1989) Aboveground organic matter and production of a montane forest on the eastern slopes of the Washington Cascade Range. Can. J. For. Res. 19(4): 515-518.

Gower ST & Vitousek PM (1989) Effects of nutrient amendments on fine root biomass in a primary successional forest in Hawaii. Oecologia 81(4): 566-568.

Gower ST, Grier CC & Vogt KA (1989) Aboveground production and N and P use by Larix occidentalis and Pinus contorta in the Washington Cascades, USA. Tree Physiol. 5(1): 1-11.

1987

Grier CC, Hinckley TM, Vogt KA & Gower ST (1987) Net primary production in Douglas-fir ecosystems: its relation to moisture and mineral nutrition. Douglas-fir: Stand Management for the Future Symposium, University of Washington, Seattle, WA.

Gower ST (1987) Relations between mineral nutrient availability and fine root biomass in two Costa Rican tropical wet forests. Biotropica 19(2): 171-175.

Gower ST, Grier CC, Vogt DJ & Vogt KA (1987) Allometric relations of deciduous (Larix occidentalis) and evergreen conifers (Pinus contorta and Pseudotsuga menziesii) of the Cascade Mountains in central Washington. Can. J. For. Res. 17(7): 630-634.

1986

Vogt KA, Grier CC, Gower ST, Sprugel DG & Vogt DJ (1986) Overestimation of net root production: a real or imaginary problem. Ecology 67(2): 577-579.

1985

Gower ST, Lea R, Frederick DJ, Clark III A & Phillips DR (1985) Aboveground energy production and distribution of southeastern hardwood swamp forests. Biomass 7(3): 185-197.

1984

Gower ST, Frederick DJ & Clark III A (1984) Distribution of energy in different-aged southeastern bottomland forests. For. Ecol. Manage. 9(2): 127-146.

Frederick DJ, Messina MG, Gower ST, Clark III A & Phillips DR (1984) Southeastern wetland hardwood forests: an emerging resource. TAPPI Conference, Appleton, WI.

1982

Gower ST, Frederick DJ & Clark III A (1982) Caloric content estimation and distribution in seven hardwood tree species growing in natural stands in the south. Fourth Central Hardwood Forest Conference, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.

Book Chapters

Gower, ST, JJ Landsberg, and K Bisbee. 2000. Forest Biomes of the World. In R Young and RL Giese (eds.) Introduction to Forest Science. John Wiley & Sons, NY. In press.

Gower, ST. 2000. Forest Ecosystem Ecology. In R Young and RL Giese (eds.) Introduction to Forest Science. John Wiley & Sons, NY. In press.

Gower, ST. 2000. Net Primary Production. In HA Mooney and P Canadell (eds.) Encyclopedia of Global Change. Blackwell Scientific.

Breymeyer, E, ST Gower, B Berg and DW Johnson. 1996. Carbon budgets for temperate conifer forests. In: J.M. Melillo (ed) Global Change: Effects on coniferous forests and grasslands. SCOPE (Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment), John Wiley and Sons, Inc. (In Press).

Gower, ST, JG Isebrands and D Sheriff. 1995. Factors influencing carbon assimilation and allocation in conifer forests. Pp. 217-254, In: WK Smith and TM Hinckley (eds). Resource Physiology of Conifers. Academic Press.

Reich, PB, T Koike, ST Gower and A Schoettle. 1995. Causes and consequences of variation in conifer leaf life span. Pp. 225-254, In: WK Smith and TM Hinckley (eds). Ecophysiology of Coniferous Forests. Academic Press.

Gower, ST, HL Gholz, K Nakane and CF Baldwin. 1994. Production and carbon allocation patterns of pine forests. In: H.L. Gholz, S. Linder and R.E. McMurtrie (eds). Environmental Constraints on the Structure and Productivity of Pine Forest Ecosystems: A Comparative Analysis. Swedish Natural Sciences Research Council. Ecological Bulletin Series 43:115-135.

McMurtrie, RE, HL Gholz, S Linder and ST Gower. 1994. Factors controlling the productivity of pine stands: a model based synthesis. In: HL Gholz, S Linder and RE McMurtrie (eds). Environmental Constraints on the Structure and Productivity of Pine Forest Ecosystems: A Comparative Analysis. Swedish Natural Sciences Research Council. Ecological Bulletin Series 43:173-188.

Vogt, KA, EE Moore, ST Gower, DJ Vogt, DG Sprugel and CC Grier. 1989. Long term productivity of upper slope forests. pp 243-269 In: D. Perry (Ed.) Maintenance of Long Term Productivity of Pacific Northwestern Forest Ecosystems. Timber Press, Portland OR.

Symposium Proceedings

Gower, ST, BD Kloeppel and PB Reich. 1995. Comparison of carbon, nitrogen and water use between larches and co-occuring evergreen conifers. Pp 110-117, In: Schmidt, WC and RC Shearer (Eds.), 1993 Symposium - Ecology and Management of Larix Forests: A Look Ahead. USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station.

Kloeppel, BD, ST Gower and PB Reich. 1995. Net photosynthesis for western larch and sympatric evergreen conifers along a precipitation gradient in western Montana. Pp 486-488, In: Schmidt, WC and RC Shearer (Eds.), 1993 Symposium - Ecology and Management of Larix Forests: A Look Ahead. USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station.

McMurtrie, RE, ST Gower, MG Ryan and JJ Landsberg. 1995. Forest productivity: explaining its decline with stand age. (This is a descriptive review of the meeting Changes in Forest Productivity and Carbon Balance with Stand Development: Linking Models and Experiments, organized by the Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems Core Project of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Program held in Rotorua New Zealand in February 1995.)

Grier, CC, ST Gower and KA Vogt. 1990. Douglas-fir productivity: A conceptual model of its regulation by water and nutrient availability. Pp 257-273, In: SP Gessel, DS Lacate, GF Weetman and RF Powers. Sustained Productivity of Forest Soils. Proceedings of the 7th North American Forest Soils Conference, University of British Columbia, Faculty of Forestry Publication, Vancouver, B.C.

Vogt, KA, DJ Vogt, ST Gower and CC Grier. 1990. Carbon and nitrogen interactions for forest ecosystems. Pp. 203-235 In: H. Persson (Ed.) Proceedings Above- and below-ground interactions in forest trees in acidified soils. Air Pollution Research Report Series No. 32. Environmental Research Programme of the Commission of the European Communities.

Grier, CC, TM Hinckley, KA Vogt and ST Gower. 1987. Net primary production in Douglas-fir ecosystems: its relation to moisture and mineral nutrition. Pp. 155-161, In Oliver, CD, DP Hanley and JA Johnson (Eds.) Douglas-fir: Stand Management for the Future Symposium. June 12-15, 1986. University of Washington, Seattle, WA.

Frederick, DJ, MG Messina, ST Gower, A Clark, III and DR Phillips. 1984. Southeastern wetland hardwood forests: an emerging resource. TAPPI Conference. September 30-October 3, 1984. Appleton, WI. pp. 277-283.

Gower, ST, DJ Frederick and A Clark III. 1982. Caloric content estimation and distribution in seven hardwood tree species growing in natural stands in the south. Pp. 384-390, In: RN Muller (ed.) Proc. Fourth Central Hardwood Forest Conference. November 8-10, 1982. University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.